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INPUT   DATA

♥ EXAMPLE Of Input/Output

Title

Available Pressure head, h		m
Fluid specific gravity, γ
Kinematic viscosity, ν		cSt
Pipe diameter, D		mm
Pipe roughness, ε		mm
Pipe length, L		m
Fittings/minor losses, Lm		m
Elevation change, ΔZ		m

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OUTPUT   VARIABLES   &   GRAPHS

VARIABLES	Values	Units
♦ Flow velocity, V		m/s
♦ Reynolds number, Re
♦ Flow regime
♦ Darcy Friction factor, ƒd
♦♦ Flow rate, Q		m3/hr
♦ Pressure head, ΔP		N/m2
♦ Minimum Pumping Power		kW

Flow Of Liquid & Compressed Gases Through Circular Pipe

A common engineering problem to be able to determine the losses (analysis), or velocity (prediction) or the conduit size (design) of a piping system. Flow in a pipe is characterized by 7 parameters: Fluid viscosity & specific gravity, Pipe internal diameter, roughness & length, Flow rate/velocity & head loss/pressure drop. Based on which of the parameters are known, four types of computational problems are identified: namely the Calculation of i) Pressure drop, ii) Flow rate, iii) the Pipe internal diameter and iv) Pipe length. This task is accomplished by appropriate rearrangement, substitution and iterative solution of the following Equations:

    Reynolds Number R_e=VD/ν

where
     R_e = Reynolds Number
     Q = average flow rate
     V = average flow velocity
     γ = fluid specific gravity
     ν = kinetic viscosity, centistokes
     D = pipe inside diameter
     L = pipe length
     ε = absolute internal pipe roughness
     ƒ = friction factor
     ΔZ = change in elevation
     h = pressure head
     h_f = head loss due to pipe friction
     L_m = head losses due to fittings, valves, etc. (length equivalent)
     P = pressure
     g = gravitation acceleration

Tips

    ◊ Use link EXAMPLE Of Input/Output  to demo data entry expectations and results; you may edit & use it as starting point

BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Menon ES; Piping Calculations Manual; McGraw Hill, New York, 2005.
• Hicks TG; Mechanical Engineering Formulas, Pocket Guide; McGraw Hill, New York, 2003, Chapter 10.
• Menon ES; Liquid Pipeline Hydraulics; Marcel Dekker, Inc, New York, 2004.
• Hicks TG (Editor); Handbook Of Mechanical Engineering Calculations; McGraw Hill, New York, 1998, Section 8.